Stability and Thermoelectric Properties of Zn₄Sb₃ with TiO₂ Nanoparticle Inclusions

?-Zn4Sb3 is a cheap nontoxic high-performance thermoelectric material, which unfortunately suffers from stability issues because of zinc migration in thermal and electrical gradients. Here, the properties mixed with varying sizes weight percentages TiO2 nanoparticles are investigated. Furthermore, pressed ?-Zn4Sb3-TiO2 nanocomposite pellets investigated by measuring high-energy synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data during operating conditions using Aarhus operando setup (ATOS). Through these studies, it determined that nanoparticle addition does not prevent Zn migration, even though effects seen conductivity resistivity, overall zT remains unchanged regardless nanoinclusions. For present samples, Seebeck coefficients unaffected nanoparticles, thus, there no observed energy-filtering effect. The PXRD reveal nanoinclusions lower degradation rate up to 75%, but all samples eventually decompose. This corroborated long-term tests performed gradient. In conclusion, do degrade excellent ?-Zn4Sb3, stabilizing effect sufficient for establishing stability.